【解題技巧】高考英語備考之完形填空解題技巧精講

【解題技巧】高考英語備考之完形填空解題技巧精講

完形填空題是最考查學(xué)生綜合能力的一道題目，大部分學(xué)生做這道題時(shí)都是憑借著他們的“語感”，或者更準(zhǔn)確地說，是靠運(yùn)氣在做題。我們經(jīng)常會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，同一名學(xué)生在間隔不久的兩次考試中，完型填空有時(shí)能大獲全勝，有時(shí)又全軍覆沒。那么，要怎樣才能突破高考英語完形填空呢？

完形填空題的創(chuàng)始人——威爾遜·泰勒（Wilson Taylor）說：“完形填空所涉及的是一系列與上下文相聯(lián)系的空白，而不是孤立的空白?！币虼?，我們不能僅僅通過對(duì)各局部的分析來認(rèn)識(shí)整體。必須通過自上而下地分析整體結(jié)構(gòu)到各個(gè)組成部分的特性來理解整體的全部性質(zhì)。大致流程如下：

整體把握 具體分析

跳過空格，通讀全文，理解大意

結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，綜合考慮，初定答案

瞻前顧后，先易后難，逐個(gè)擊破

再讀全文，仔細(xì)檢查，確定答案

具體做題時(shí)應(yīng)該如何確定答案，有以下三個(gè)方法。

首先，做題時(shí)要充分利用文章的前后句以及上下文，找到對(duì)選擇有提示作用的單詞、短語或句子，甚至可能是同義詞或反義詞。這也是大部分學(xué)生有機(jī)會(huì)拿分的點(diǎn)。

【2019年高考真題】

Good ideas often start with a really silly question.One day,when Bill Bower man was making waffles (華夫餅) , he wondered what would happen if he poured rubber into his waffle iron. Later……When he took this 28 to several shoe companies,he was refused.

28.A.question B. idea C.shoe D.food

前面講到“一些好的想法往往起源于一些看似愚蠢的問題”，后面緊接著講到Bill Bower想知道如果把橡膠倒入烤制餅干的鐵模中會(huì)怎么樣，所以結(jié)果出來之后他是帶著”idea”去了幾家鞋廠。按照前后邏輯以及開篇的主題句，答案應(yīng)該是idea，故選C。

【2021年高考真題】

I only knew two words of Chinese(“hello”and“thank you”) when I came to China in 2009. As you can probably guess, my life was difficult for a while after I arrived. Simple tasks like ordering food or taking a taxi were quite 28 .

28.A. interestingB.stressfulC.importantD.useful

由上一句，對(duì)一個(gè)初到他鄉(xiāng)只會(huì)說“你好”和“謝謝”的外國人來說，ordering food或者taking a taxi是相當(dāng)有壓力的，與前文的difficult相對(duì)應(yīng)，故選B.stressful.

其次，要根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系確定選項(xiàng)。

【2019年高考真題】

When he took this idea to several shoe companies,he was 29 . In fact,every single company 30 his idea.Though rather discouraged, Bower man went on to start his own company,making NIKE sports shoes.

29.A.shouted at B.stared at C.pointed at D.laughed at

30. A. changed B. praised C.refused D.had

根據(jù)下文的“非常沮喪”，可推斷出他的想法不被鞋廠的人接受，并遭到嘲笑和拒絕。故答案應(yīng)為laughed at和refused.

第三，還需要重視文章開頭句，開頭句有助于理解全文。

【2019年高考真題】

Good ideas often start with a really silly question.

We know today that each of these ideas led to a successful product or service that has changed the way we live.The best questions are usually open-ended and are often38 .

38.A.valuable B.common C.silly D.perfect

與文章開頭的第一句出現(xiàn)的silly一詞呼應(yīng)，故選C.silly

除了以上幾點(diǎn)之外，完型填空也會(huì)考到基本生活常識(shí)和邏輯推理，這點(diǎn)也需要同學(xué)們注意。

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